- Original Article
- Infection
- Clinical characteristics of pediatric patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 versus common human coronaviruses: a national multicenter study
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In Suk Sol, Eun Lee, Hyeon-Jong Yang, Yong Ju Lee, Hye Yung Yum, Mi-Hee Lee, Mi Ae Chu, Hui Jeong Moon, Hyo-Bin Kim, Ju Hee Seo, Jung Yeon Shim, Ji Young Ahn, Yoon Young Jang, Hai Lee Chung, Eun Hee Chung, Kyunghoon Kim, Bong-Seong Kim, Cheol Hong Kim, Yang Park, Meeyong Shin, Kyung Suk Lee, Man Yong Han, Soo-Jong Hong, Eun Kyeong Kang, Chang Keun Kim; on behalf of The Pneumonia & Respiratory Disease Study Group of Korean Academy of Pediatric Allergy and Respiratory Disease
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Clin Exp Pediatr. 2023;66(3):134-141. Published online December 22, 2022
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Question: The clinical differences between severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) and human coronaviruses (HCoV) in children remain unknown.
Finding: This study compared the clinical findings of children infected with SARS-CoV-2 versus HCoV. Its findings suggest that children and adolescents with SARS-CoV-2 have a milder clinical course than those with HCoV.
Meaning: The clinical course of children and adolescents with SARS-CoV-2 should be closely monitored during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. |
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- Editorial
- Pulmonology
- Wheezing in infants and preschoolers: phenotypes and treatment options
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Jung Yeon Shim
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Clin Exp Pediatr. 2023;66(1):26-27. Published online December 6, 2022
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· Knowing who will develop into asthma or who will not is important to impose proper treatment and early intervention in a child with the first episode of wheezing.
· Phenotypes of severe bronchiolitis in less than 2-year-old children with first episode of wheezing were suggested for different treatment options
· RV-induced and/or atopy-associated severe wheezing in preschool children may benefit from early intervention of asthma treatment. |
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- Review Article
- Pulmonology
- Epidemiology and surveillance implications of community-acquired pneumonia in children
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Eui Jeong Roh, Jung Yeon Shim, Eun Hee Chung
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Clin Exp Pediatr. 2022;65(12):563-573. Published online October 17, 2022
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The identification of the causative pathogens of community-acquired pneumonia and appropriate treatment and prevention can reduce mortality and the socioeconomic burden by reducing the medical expenses. The world has been in the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic since 2020, and there is always a risk of continuous emergence and epidemic of new respiratory infectious diseases. Therefore, it is important to sustain a monitoring system for respiratory infectious diseases including pneumonia. |
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- Original Article
- Allergy
- Asthma predictive index as a useful diagnostic tool in preschool children: a cross-sectional study in Korea
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Dong Hyeon Lee, Ji-Won Kwon, Hyung Young Kim, Ju-Hee Seo, Hyo-Bin Kim, So-Yeon Lee, Gwang-Cheon Jang, Dae-Jin Song, Woo Kyung Kim, Young-Ho Jung, Soo-Jong Hong, Jung Yeon Shim
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Clin Exp Pediatr. 2020;63(3):104-109. Published online November 8, 2019
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Question: Is physician-diagnosed current asthma in preschool children associated with the asthma predictive index, atopic sensitization, or pulmonary function test?
Finding: Physician-diagnosed current asthma in preschool children was associated with the asthma predictive index, but not with spirometry, methacholine provocation test, fractional expiratory nitric oxide level, and atopic sensitization.
Meaning: Physician-diagnosed asthma in preschool children may be different from classic atopic asthma in school children or adolescents. |
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- Review Article
- Pulmonology
- Current perspectives on atypical pneumonia in children
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Jung Yeon Shim
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Clin Exp Pediatr. 2020;63(12):469-476. Published online June 10, 2020
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Macrolides are the first line treatment in atypical pneumonia caused by M. pneumoniae, C. pneumoniae, and L. pneumophila. Macrolide-resistant mycoplasma pneumonia (MRMP) is emerging worldwide, especially in East Asia. Immune modulators such as corticosteroids or second line antibiotics are treatment options for MRMP. Pediatricians should be careful with empirical therapy of macrolides in children with mild to moderate community-acquired pneumonia not to increase the risk of MRMP. |
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- Original Article
- Pulmonology
- Increased procalcitonin level is a risk factor for prolonged fever in children with Mycoplasma pneumonia
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Ji Eun Jeong, Ji Eun Soh, Ji Hee Kwak, Hye Lim Jung, Jae Won Shim, Deok Soo Kim, Moon Soo Park, Jung Yeon Shim
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Clin Exp Pediatr. 2018;61(8):258-263. Published online August 15, 2018
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Purpose: Macrolide-resistant Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (MPP) is characterized by prolonged fever and radiological progression despite macrolide treatment. Few studies have examined serum procalcitonin (PCT) level in children with MPP. We aimed to investigate the association of acute inflammation markers including PCT with clinical parameters in children with MPP. Methods: A total of 147 children were recruited. The diagnosis of MPP... |
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- Review Article
- Pulmonology
- Mechanism of resistance acquisition and treatment of macrolide-resistant Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia in children
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Hyeon-Jong Yang, Dae Jin Song, Jung Yeon Shim
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Clin Exp Pediatr. 2017;60(6):167-174. Published online June 22, 2017
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Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (MPP) is one of the most common forms of community-acquired pneumonia in children and adolescents. Outbreaks of MPP occur in 3- to 7-year cycles worldwide; recent epidemics in Korea occurred in 2006–2007, 2011, and 2015–2016. Although MPP is known to be a mild, self-limiting disease with a good response to macrolides, it can also progress into a... |
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- Case Report
- Case of seropositive allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis in a 10-year-old girl without previously documented asthma
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Jeong Eun Shin, Jae Won Shim, Deok Soo Kim, Hae Lim Jung, Moon Soo Park, Jung Yeon Shim
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Clin Exp Pediatr. 2015;58(5):190-193. Published online May 22, 2015
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Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA) is a hypersensitivity lung disease due to bronchial colonization of Aspergillus fumigatus that occurs in susceptible patients with asthma or cystic fibrosis. A 10-year-old girl was referred to the Department of Pediatric Pulmonology for persistent consolidations on chest radiography. Pulmonary consolidations were observed in the right upper and left lower lobes and were not resolved with... |
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- Original Article
- Relationship between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D and interleukin-31 levels, and the severity of atopic dermatitis in children
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Bo Ram Cheon, Jeong Eun Shin, Yun Ji Kim, Jae Won Shim, Deok Soo Kim, Hye Lim Jung, Moon Soo Park, Jung Yeon Shim
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Clin Exp Pediatr. 2015;58(3):96-101. Published online March 20, 2015
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Purpose Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory relapsing skin disorder. Vitamin D plays a pivotal role in the development of AD, and interleukin (IL) 31 is known to be related to pruritus in AD. The aim of our study was to determine whether 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) levels are related to IL-31 levels or to the severity of AD. MethodsWe enrolled 91... |
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- Increased risk of refractory Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia in children with atopic sensitization and asthma
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Jeong Eun Shin, Bo Ram Cheon, Jae Won Shim, Deok Soo Kim, Hae Lim Jung, Moon Soo Park, Jung Yeon Shim
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Clin Exp Pediatr. 2014;57(6):271-277. Published online June 30, 2014
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Purpose A nationwide outbreak of Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (MP) refractory to macrolide antibiotics occurred in Korea during 2011. Steroid therapy has been reported to be both efficacious and well tolerated in pediatric patients with refractory MP. We compared clinical features and laboratory characteristics between children with refractory MP requiring steroid treatment and those with macrolide-responsive MP and evaluated the risk factors... |
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- Review Article
- Association of wheezing phenotypes with fractional exhaled nitric oxide in children
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Jung Yeon Shim
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Clin Exp Pediatr. 2014;57(5):211-216. Published online May 31, 2014
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Asthma comprises a heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by airway inflammation, airway obstruction, and airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR). Airway inflammation, which induces AHR and recurrence of asthma, is the main pathophysiology of asthma. The fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) level is a noninvasive, reproducible measurement of eosinophilic airway inflammation that is easy to perform in young children. As airway inflammation precedes... |
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- Case Report
- Klebsiella pneumoniae liver abscess in an immunocompetent child
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Jang-Mi Kwon, Hye Lim Jung, Jae Won Shim, Deok Soo Kim, Jung Yeon Shim, Moon Soo Park
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Clin Exp Pediatr. 2013;56(9):407-410. Published online September 30, 2013
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Klebsiella pneumoniae has emerged as a leading pathogen that causes pyogenic liver abscesses (PLAs) in Korea. K. pneumoniae liver abscess (KLA) is potentially life threatening, and the diagnosis is difficult. In developed countries, PLA is rarely observed in children and is frequently associated with disorders of granulocyte function and previous abdominal infection. We observed a case of KLA in a... |
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- Original Article
- Expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-α and PPAR-γ in the lung tissue of obese mice and the effect of rosiglitazone on proinflammatory cytokine expressions in the lung tissue
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Seung Lok Ryu, Jae Won Shim, Duk Soo Kim, Hye Lim Jung, Moon Soo Park, Soo-Hee Park, Jinmi Lee, Won-Young Lee, Jung Yeon Shim
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Clin Exp Pediatr. 2013;56(4):151-158. Published online April 22, 2013
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Purpose We investigated the mRNA levels of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-α, PPAR-γ, adipokines, and cytokines in the lung tissue of lean and obese mice with and without ovalbumin (OVA) challenge, and the effect of rosiglitazone, a PPAR-γ agonist. MethodsWe developed 6 mice models: OVA-challenged lean mice with and without rosiglitazone; obese mice with and without rosiglitazone; and OVA-challenged obese mice with and... |
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- Association between cord blood 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations and respiratory tract infections in the first 6 months of age in a Korean population: a birth cohort study (COCOA)
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Youn Ho Shin, Jinho Yu, Kyung Won Kim, Kangmo Ahn, Seo-Ah Hong, Eun Lee, Song-I Yang, Young-Ho Jung, Hyung Young Kim, Ju-Hee Seo, Ji-Won Kwon, Byoung-Ju Kim, Hyo-Bin Kim, Jung Yeon Shim, Woo Kyung Kim, Dae Jin Song, So-Yeon Lee, Soo Young Lee, Gwang Cheon Jang, Dong In Suh, Hyeon-Jong Yang, Bong Sung Kim, Suk-Joo Choi, Soo-Young Oh, Ja-Young Kwon, Kyung-Ju Lee, Hee Jin Park, Pil Ryang Lee, Hye-Sung Won, Soo-Jong Hong
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Clin Exp Pediatr. 2013;56(10):439-445. Published online October 31, 2013
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Purpose Previous studies suggest that the concentration of 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] in cord blood may show an inverse association with respiratory tract infections (RTI) during childhood. The aim of the present study was to examine the influence of 25(OH)D concentrations in cord blood on infant RTI in a Korean birth cohort. MethodsThe levels of 25(OH)D in cord blood obtained from 525 Korean... |
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- Successful and safe treatment of hemangioma with oral propranolol in a single institution
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Sun Hee Chung, Dong Hyuk Park, Hye Lim Jung, Jae Won Shim, Deok Soo Kim, Jung Yeon Shim, Moon Soo Park, Hong Hoe Koo
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Clin Exp Pediatr. 2012;55(5):164-170. Published online May 21, 2012
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Purpose Dramatic improvement of hemangioma to propranolol has been recently reported; however, details on dose and duration of treatment, potential risks, and monitoring have not been determined. The objective of this study is to describe and analyze the use of propranolol as a first-line treatment or as a single therapy in management of complicated hemangioma. MethodsA retrospective chart review of eight patients... |
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- Association study of polymorphism in leukotriene C4 synthase and cysteinyl leukotriene receptor 1 genes with phenotype of asthma and clinical parameters in Korean children
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Jung Yeon Shim, Byung-Joo Kim, Young Hwa Song, Mi-Jin Kang, So-Yeon Lee, Jinho Yu, Soo-Jong Hong
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Clin Exp Pediatr. 2009;52(6):680-688. Published online June 15, 2009
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Purpose : Cysteinyl leukotrienes are important proinflammatory mediators in asthma. Recently, it was suggested that a promoter polymorphism in the genes encoding for leukotriene C4 synthase (LTC4S), a key enzyme in the leukotriene synthetic pathway, and cysteinyl leukotriene receptor 1 (CysLTR1) might be associated with aspirin-intolerant asthma. We investigated whether polymorphisms in LTC4S and CysLTR1 genes or their interactions were... |
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- Transforming growth factor-β promoted vascular endothelial growth factor release by human lung fibroblasts
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Sang Uk Park, Joo Hwa Shin, Jae Won Shim, Deok Soo Kim, Hye Lim Jung, Moon Soo Park, Jung Yeon Shim
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Clin Exp Pediatr. 2008;51(8):879-885. Published online August 15, 2008
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Purpose : The human lung fibroblast may act as an immunomodulatory cell by providing pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, which are important in airway remodeling. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) induces mucosal edema and angiogenesis. Thymus and activation regulated chemokine (TARC) induces selective migration of T helper 2 cells. We investigated whether human lung fibroblasts produced VEGF and TARC, and the... |
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- Case Report
- A case of idiopathic renal hypouricemia
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Moon Hee Han, Sang Uk Park, Deok-Soo Kim, Jae Won Shim, Jung Yeon Shim, Hye Lym Jung, Moon Soo Park
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Clin Exp Pediatr. 2007;50(5):489-492. Published online May 15, 2007
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Idiopathic renal hypouricemia is a disorder characterized by impaired urate handling in the renal tubules. This disease usually produces no symptoms, but hematuria, uric acid nephrolithiasis or acute renal failure may develop. A defect in the SLC22A12 gene, which encodes the human urate transporter, is the known major cause of this disorder. We describe a 10-month-old boy with idiopathic renal... |
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- Original Article
- Clinical features of congenital muscular torticollis
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Ji Eun Jun, Hye Kyeong Ryu, Jae Won Shim, Jung Yeon Shim, Hye Lim Jung, Moon Soo Park, Deok-Soo Kim
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Clin Exp Pediatr. 2007;50(3):241-247. Published online March 15, 2007
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Purpose : Congenital muscular torticollis (CMT) is a common and benign congenital disorder of the musculoskeletal system in neonates and infants. The pathophysiology is that the sternocleidomastoid muscle (SCM) is shortened on the involved side by fibrosis, leading to ipsilateral tilt and contralateral rotation of the face and chin. In this study, we investigated the clinical features of CMT, the... |
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- Relationship of serum IL-13 and eotaxin level with airway hyperresponsiveness in children with asthma
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Eun Young Park, Jung Yeon Shim, Myung Hwan Yoo, Deok Soo Kim, Jae Won Shim, Hye Lim Jung, Moon Soo Park
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Clin Exp Pediatr. 2006;49(8):889-894. Published online August 15, 2006
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Purpose : Asthma is characterized by the presence of airway hyperresponsiveness(AHR) and inflammation. The extensive eosinophil infiltration into the lung is the hallmark of asthma and contributes to the damage of respiratory epithelium during late phase airway responses. Eotaxin is the major eosinophil chemoattractant found in bronchoalveolar lavage(BAL) fluid of allergic inflammation. IL-13 has been known to induce the... |
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- A study of neuropeptides related to headaches in children with meningeal irritation signs
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Bo Gil Seo, Myung Hwan Yoo, Jae Won Shim, Jung Yeon Shim, Hye Lim Jung, Moon Soo Park, Deok-Soo Kim
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Clin Exp Pediatr. 2006;49(5):533-538. Published online May 15, 2006
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Purpose : The headache, one of the symptoms of meningitis, is related to abrupt elevation of intracranial pressure(ICP) or stimulation of intracranial nociceptive structure. However, in cases of mild elevation of ICP or normal findings of cerebrospinal fluid(CSF) analysis, patients sometimes complain of headaches. Therefore, other pathways may contribute to the occurrence of headaches in aseptic meningitis or meningismus. We... |
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- The significance of vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF) in children with asthma and pneumonia
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Seong Hwan Choi, Jung Yeon Shim, Myung Hwan Yoo, Deok Soo Kim, Jae Won Shim, Hye Lim Jung, Moon Soo Park
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Clin Exp Pediatr. 2006;49(2):192-197. Published online February 15, 2006
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Purpose : Vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF) is a key cytokine for controlling vascular permeability and angiogenesis, which is one of the major findings in airway remodeling. However, it is not well known if it is associated with acute lower respiratory tract disease such as lobar pneumonia. The aim of this study is to compare serum VEGF levels in patients with... |
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- A clinical study of migraines without aura in children : based on revised international headache society criteria
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Bo Gil Seo, Myung Hwan Yoo, Jae Won Shim, Jung Yeon Shim, Hye Lim Jung, Moon Soo Park, Deok-soo Kim
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Clin Exp Pediatr. 2006;49(1):71-75. Published online January 15, 2006
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Purpose : Because migraine in children has different characteristics from that in adults, it is inappropriate to apply migraine criteria for adults to children. Recently, the International Headache Society(IHS) revised criteria regarding children's characteristics. Therefore, we reviewed the characteristics of childhood migraines without auras based on the revised criteria and compared the data with the findings of childhood migraine by... |
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- Case Report
- Two Cases of Lead Poisoning due to Herb Medicinal Pills
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Seong Hwan Choi, Eun Young Park, Jung Yeon Shim, Deok Soo Kim, Jae Won Shim, Hye Lim Jung, Moon Soo Park
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Clin Exp Pediatr. 2005;48(9):1009-1015. Published online September 15, 2005
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We encountered two children with lead poisoning who were administered herb medicinal pills recommended by their clergyman. These patients presented anemia and severe coliky abdominal pain, but no neurologic symptoms. For this reason, they were initially misdiagnosed with gastrointestinal hemorrhagic disease. However, we got a clue that they took herb medicinal pills. Finally, based on the assay of blood lead... |
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- Medical Lecture Course
- Proliferative and Synthetic Responses of Airway Smooth Muscle in Asthma
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Jung Yeon Shim
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Clin Exp Pediatr. 2005;48(6):580-587. Published online June 15, 2005
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New evidence is emerging that airway smooth muscle(ASM) may act as an immunomodulatory cell by providing pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, polypeptide growth factors, extracellular matrix proteins, cell adhesion receptors and co-stimulatory molecules. ASM can promote the formation of the interstitial extracellular matrix, and potentially contribute to the alterations within the extracellular matrix in asthma. In addition, extracellular matrix components can... |
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- Original Article
- Evaluation of Serum Insulin-Like Growth Factor(IGF)-I, Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein(IGFBP)-2 and
IGFBP-3 Levels in Healthy Korean Children
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Gi Hoon Yang, Hye Lim Jung, Deok Soo Kim, Jae Won Shim, Jung Yeon Shim, Moon Soo Park
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Clin Exp Pediatr. 2005;48(3):298-305. Published online March 15, 2005
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Purpose : We performed this study to evaluate the mean serum levels of insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I, insulin-like growth factor binding protein(IGFBP)-2 and IGFBP-3 in healthy Korean children according to age and sex.
Methods : Ninety two healthy children, consisting of 42 boys and 50 girls, were classified into five groups according to age : neonate; infancy; early childhood; late childhood;... |
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- Serum and Cerebrospinal Fluid(CSF) Nitric Oxide, Macrophage Inflammatory Protein-1α and Lactoferrin Levels in Aseptic Meningitis
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Young Seo, Jung Yeon Shim, Jae Won Shim, Deok Su Kim, Hye Lim Jung, Moon Soo Park
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Clin Exp Pediatr. 2005;48(1):48-54. Published online January 15, 2005
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Purpose : The pathologic mechanisms of central nervous system(CNS) injuries in human meningitis are not yet completely understood. Recent studies indicate that the host inflammatory responses are as important in brain damage as the infecting organisms and toxins. There have been some reports on the relationship of nitric oxide(NO), macrophage inflammatory protein-1α(MIP-1α), and lactoferrin in bacterial meningitis, but few reports... |
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- Case Report
- Hemangioendothelioma Leading to Obstruction of the Left Main Bronchus in Infant
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Bong Seong Kim, Jung Yeon Shim, Seung Il Park, Sung Hye Park, Soo-Jong Hong
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Clin Exp Pediatr. 2000;43(7):1000-1005. Published online July 15, 2000
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Hemangioendothelioma is the most common vascular tumor in children, however hemangioendothelioma
occurring in the bronchus is very rare. We experienced a case of hemangioendothelioma
in the left main bronchus of an infant which was successfully removed by a sleeve resection.
Respiratory distress developed in a 3-month-old female infant with roentgenographic finding of
hyperinflation of the left lung. Chest CT and MRI revealed a highly... |
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- Flexible Bronchoscopic Finding of Congenital Lobar Emphysema
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Young Mee Seo, Jung Yeon Shim, Bong Seong Kim, So Duk Lim, Soo-Jong Hong
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Clin Exp Pediatr. 2000;43(1):133-137. Published online January 15, 2000
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Congenital lobar emphysema is a rare disease and a cause of respiratory distress in early infancy.
The most common location of pulmonary involvement is the left upper lobe. We diagnosed a case
of congenital lobar emphysema in a 5-month-old female infant, who had a complex heart disease
using flexible bronchoscopy. In spite of palliative heart surgery, respiratory difficulty and cyanosis
did not improve and... |
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- Original Article
- A Seroepidemiologic Study on Hepatitis A in Seoul, Korea
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Dong Woon Yang, Young Ah Lee, Jung Yeon Shim, Jin Young Park, Hye Lim Jung, Moon Soo Park, Dong Hyeuk Keum
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Clin Exp Pediatr. 1999;42(2):180-185. Published online February 15, 1999
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Purpose : The prevalence of hepatitis A(HAV) in a certain community reflects that community’s living standard and hygienic condition. And the pattern of HAV infection differs over time and geography, with varying widely from country to country and even within the same city. Recently a shift in prevalence has been observed in cases from childhood to adulthood. We studied HAV... |
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- Prospective Randomized Study Comparing L-epinephrine and Budesonide Aerosols in the Treatment of Moderate to Severe Croup
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Bo Hwa Choi, Kwang Bog Song, Jung Yeon Shim, Soo-Jong Hong
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Clin Exp Pediatr. 1999;42(1):40-46. Published online January 15, 1999
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Purpose : The aim of this prospective, randomized study was to evaluate the effects and adverse effects of nebulized L-epinephrine compared with nebulized budesonide in children with moderate to severe croup.
Methods : Children were eligible for the study if their croup scores fell in the moderate to severe range(scores>4) in the AMC from May 1995 till May 1996. The patients... |
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- Case Report
- Four Cases of Pulmonary Artery Sling with Bridging Bronchus
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Seung A Lee, Jung Yeon Shim, Young Hwue Kim, Jae Kon Ko, In Sook Park, Soo-Jong Hong, Chang Yee Hong
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Clin Exp Pediatr. 1997;40(5):709-715. Published online May 15, 1997
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Pulmonary artery sling with bridging bronchus is not only rare but also difficult to diagnose unless specially sought. When young infant suffers from prolonged or recurrent wheezing, possibility of underlying anomalies of the tracheobronchial trees or great vessels should be considered, even though bronchiolitis and gastroesophageal reflux are the most common causes.
We experienced four cases of pulmonary artery sling with... |
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- Original Article
- Influence of Feeding and State of Alertness on the Incidence of Gastroesophageal Reflux in Children
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Kyung Mo Kim, Jung Yeon Shim, Soo Jong Hong
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Clin Exp Pediatr. 1997;40(10):1419-1426. Published online October 15, 1997
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Purpose : The aim of this study is to evaluate the influence of the feeding (fastingpostprandial)
and the state of alertness(awake-asleep) on the amount of gastroesophageal
reflux by using 24hour esophageal pH metry.
Methods : From July 1994 to June 1995, 32 cases of 24 hour esophageal pH metry had
been done at the Asan Medical Center. Twenty three children with normal pH monitoring
and... |
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- Immunologic Changes of Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes in Kawasaki Disease after Intravenous Gamma Globulin Therapy
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Jung Yeon Shim, Kyung Mo Kim, Young Hwue Kim, Soo-Jong Hong
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Clin Exp Pediatr. 1996;39(5):712-721. Published online May 15, 1996
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Purpose : Kawasaki disease(KD) is multi-systemic vasculitis and coronary artery
abnormalities can develop up to 30 percent in untreated patients. Several observations suggest that immune activation and the secretion of cytokines from immune effector cells contribute to the pathogenesis of this disease. Though high dose intravenous gamma globulin(IVGG,>1 gm/kg) is effective in reducing the prevalence of coronary artery aneurysms in KD,... |
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